Yes, sublimation can be food-safe, but only when the blank itself is certified food-safe before printing. The sublimation ink does not sit on the surface; it transfers into the polymer coating of the product.
If the manufacturer certifies that the coated mug, plate, or product meets food-contact safety standards, then sublimating it does not change that safety rating. Most sublimation mugs, drinkware and plates are already food-safe.
Reputable suppliers sell sublimation ceramics and drinkware specifically made with food-safe polymer coatings.
If the blank is food-safe, the sublimation process won’t make it unsafe.